Fuutech FI68 R IEC female plug very high performance, ideal for the construction of an Audiophile mains cable without compromise. In addition to its Rhodium Plated Copper contacts, the FI-68 also benefits from the FURUTECH Alpha α anti-magnetism treatment.

The FI-68 is a sophisticated, luxuriously finished and finished power supply filtering unit that eliminates many problems caused by contaminated power lines. Efficiency against electromagnetic disturbances (EMI) propagated by radiation or conduction.

The modelFI-68 also uses the patented «Floating Field Damper System», which virtually eliminates the creation of micro-magnetic and electrostatic turbulence zones inside the plug, disturbances caused by current flows near certain (metal fastening screws, cable clamping elements, etc.). These «floating» force field microscopes conflict with the much more powerful primary magnetic flux generated by the passage of the current to generate a form of distortion. FURUTECH succeeds in controlling these phenomena by connecting all the metallic parts concerned together with a conductor charged with bringing all these undesirable energies to the earth.

Its body combines two materials «actifs «: particles of nanometric size made of ceramic and carbon powder and a compositenylon and fiberglass, which demonstrates extreme resistance to shocks, electric arcs and high temperatures.

Compatible with cables in the section is between 6.6mm and 15.5mm in diameter.

Τεχνικά Χαρακτηριστικά:

Contacts Pure Copper Rhodium Plated
Anti-magnetism treatment FURUTECH Alpha α
Floating Field Damper System
Nylon & Fiberglass Body
Screw-in plug (3 screws marked with col- lector code)
Compatible with cables of Diameter between 6.6 and 15.5mm
250V / 15A – 125 / 15A,

Fuutech FI68 G IEC female plug very high performance, ideal for the construction of an Audiophile mains cable without compromise. In addition to its Rhodium Plated Copper contacts, the FI-68 also benefits from the FURUTECH Alpha α anti-magnetism treatment.

The FI-68 is a sophisticated, luxuriously finished and finished power supply filtering unit that eliminates many problems caused by contaminated power lines. Efficiency against electromagnetic disturbances (EMI) propagated by radiation or conduction.

The modelFI-68 also uses the patented «Floating Field Damper System», which virtually eliminates the creation of micro-magnetic and electrostatic turbulence zones inside the plug, disturbances caused by current flows near certain (metal fastening screws, cable clamping elements, etc.). These «floating» force field microscopes conflict with the much more powerful primary magnetic flux generated by the passage of the current to generate a form of distortion. FURUTECH succeeds in controlling these phenomena by connecting all the metallic parts concerned together with a conductor charged with bringing all these undesirable energies to the earth.

Its body combines two materials «actifs «: particles of nanometric size made of ceramic and carbon powder and a compositenylon and fiberglass, which demonstrates extreme resistance to shocks, electric arcs and high temperatures.

Compatible with cables in the section is between 6.6mm and 15.5mm in diameter.

Τεχνικά Χαρακτηριστικά:

Contacts Pure Copper Rhodium Plated
Anti-magnetism treatment FURUTECH Alpha α
Floating Field Damper System
Nylon & Fiberglass Body
Screw-in plug (3 screws marked with col- lector code)
Compatible with cables of Diameter between 6.6 and 15.5mm
250V / 15A – 125 / 15A,

FURUTECH INFO

The Suppressor CF-080 allows the attenuation of mechanical resonances and isolates the connector.

It is compatible with the majority of connectors of the brand (except the FI-50), but is especially recommended for IEC where it is more efficient.

In addition, it brings an incomparable design to all sector connectors.

Furutech.com The Suppressor CF-080

The Suppressor CF-080 （AC Connector Damping Ring）
Introducing the Suppressor Carbon Fiber-Clad Stainless Steel AC Power Connector Damping Ring
Premier Performance and Legendary Build Quality,

Furutech is known the world over for a huge variety of top-quality OEM parts.
Furutech delivers consistently superior results by following Pure Transmission principles; examine every link in the power and signal path and ultimately optimize each and every element. And that especially includes damping mechanical resonances from a variety of mechanical and electrical effects.
In highly resolved audio systems everything makes a difference. The Suppressor Ring is a substantially-built silver-colored carbon fiber over nonmagnetic stainless steel damper ring with three fixing screws.
It accommodates all Furutech AC connectors except the FI-50 Piezo Ceramic series that was a Best of Innovations Award-winner for its built-in mechanical and Piezoelectric damping. If your Furutech power cores are not equipped with FI-50 AC connectors adding the Suppressor Ring is the next best thing for low distortion playback. Most effective when used on IEC connectors.

Χρήσεως Πληροφορίες,

Τεχνικά Χαρακτηριστικά:

Body: CNC Lathe stainless steel
Outer Cover Finish: Silver-Color Carbon Fiber
Fixing Screws: 3 SUS screws M3 x 3mm (L)
Dimensions: 44.5φ x 37.0 ±0.3mm (L) overall length approx.

Compatible with Furutech connector assemblies with the exception of the FI-50,

Help has arrived for owners of LINN, Devialet or McIntosh amplifiers (and many more) with those difficult-to-access IEC sockets. The Furutech FI-C15 High End Performance IEC connector with its slim design will fit those frustratingly space restricted IEC sockets with ease. 

Τεχνικά Χαρακτηριστικά:

• 24k gold-plated α (Alpha) Pure copper Conductor 
• Nylon /fiberglass main body and inner cover plate. 
• Specified for cable diameters of 6.6mm to 16.0mm (Wire size of 3.5mm2 (12AWG) max.)
• Polycarbonate cable damping clamp with stainless screws
• Connection: Set screw
• Dimensions: 22.0mm X 30.0mm X 82.2mm overall length.

Help has arrived for owners of LINN, Devialet or McIntosh amplifiers (and many more) with those difficult-to-access IEC sockets. The Furutech FI-C15 High End Performance IEC connector with its slim design will fit those frustratingly space restricted IEC sockets with ease.
Nano Crystal² Formula – Nano Crystalline, Ceramic and Carbon Powder
Incorporated into select Furutech products, Nano Crystal² Formula — NCF is comprised of a special crystalline material that has two “active” properties. First, it generates negative ions that eliminate static and secondly, it converts thermal energy into far-infrared. Furutech then combines this remarkable crystalline material with nano-sized ceramic particles and carbon powder for their additional “Piezo Effect” damping properties. The resulting Nano Crystal² Formula is the ultimate electrical and mechanical damping material – only found in Furutech products!

Τεχνικά Χαρακτηριστικά:

• Rhodium-plated α (Alpha) Pure copper Conductor
• Nylon /fiberglass with special “NCF” anti-resonance damping material – nano-sized crystalline, piezo ceramic particles and carbon powder main body and inner cover plate.
• Specified for cable diameters of 6.6mm to 16.0mm (Wire size of 3.5mm2 (12AWG) max.)
• Polycarbonate cable damping clamp with stainless screws
• Connection: Set screw
• Dimensions: 22.0mm X 30.0mm X 82.2mm overall length.

FURUTECH INFO

Furutech.com – NCF Clear Line

NCF Clear Line
AC Power Supply Optimizer,

NCF Clear Line
AC Power Supply Optimizer

NCF Clear Line-EU (Schuko version)

It takes just a moment to hear the difference that Furutech’s NCF Clear Line can make to your audio or video system.
Why just a moment?
Furutech’s Nano Crystal² Formula, also known as NCF, has resulted in a number of truly innovative and effective products over the past few years. NCF features a special crystalline material that has two distinct properties—it generates negative ions that eliminate static, and it converts thermal energy into far infrared.
When combined with nano-sized ceramic particles and carbon powder, these crystals become the ultimate electrical and mechanical damping material. Created by Furutech, NCF is found exclusively in Furutech products and nowhere else.
Now, Furutech has introduced perhaps the simplest way to implement NCF technology into your home—NCF Clear Line.
NCF Clear Line is an audio grade passive AC optimizer, small enough to hold in your hand, that instantly enhances the quality of your power supply. Simply plug the NCF Clear Line into any vacant receptacle on either a power distributor or wall outlet. For best effect, use the NCF Clear Line on the same AC line/supply as your system, preferably at a receptacle adjacent to your system.
It only takes a moment to hear the improvement in the sound. You won’t have to switch back and forth repeatedly in order to “discover” an improvement. It’s right there.
You’ll immediately notice improvements in the depth and focus of the sound stage, harmonics and tonal balance with NCF. Low frequencies are cleaner, with a greater sense of definition made possible by a lowered noise floor.
Then unplug the NCF Clear Line from the power receptacle. You’ll immediately miss those sonic improvements. You’ll want them back.
In home theater applications, you will also hear these same distinct results. Just as importantly, you’ll see the difference in your video quality. All you need to do is plug the NCF Clear Line into your home entertainment system and the improvements will be instantly noticeable.
Sharper. Clearer. Yet more natural and easy on the eyes.
It only takes a moment to take your listening or viewing experience to the next level with Furutech’s NCF Clear Line. Find out for yourself.
– Improves resolution, focus and 3-dimensionality of performance
– Eliminates noise increasing signal to noise ratio boosting information and detail in sound reproduction
– Improves resolution, depth and dynamism of images and video
– Multi-material hybrid construction: Carbon fiber housing (shell) with superior resonance damping properties
– All conductor parts rhodium plated and treated with Furutech’s Alpha Process
Furutech’s Two-Stage Cryogenic and Demagnetization Alpha Process
Using cutting-edge technology and materials, Furutech developed a low-temperature two-stage process that significantly improves every facet of audio and video performance.
The treatment begins during the manufacturing process with a deep, conditioning cryogenic freeze of all metal parts. Using high-end refrigerants — liquid N2 or He — Furutech achieves temperatures of between -196 to -250℃. The treated parts change their molecular structure at these extremes of temperature, relieving internal stress. The molecules bond together more tightly and the overall structure becomes more stable. This improves electrical conductivity and therefore power and signal transfer.
Step two in the Alpha Process exposes these same parts to the patented Ring Demagnetization treatment. Ordinary high-power magnets used for this purpose often increase magnetic effects; they leave some areas more magnetized than others. This patented process uses controlled attenuation to completely eliminate magnetization for more vivid and colorful improvements to sound and picture quality. Ring Demagnetization further enhances conductivity of all treated materials.
ALL metallic parts used in Furutech products go through the Alpha Process treatment to keep all connectors, conductors, and metal parts in a perfect stress-free, stable, and highly conductive state.

How it works:

The NCF Clear Line is an entirely passive device that does not interfere with current (no circuit is formed between L & N) and it has no form of circuit filter inside.
What you hear is the NCF effect. The NCF Clear Line eliminates electrical and mechanical resonance from power outlet sockets and power conductors with Furutech’s NCF (anti-static and resonance damping material) and with the help of NCF Clear Line’s Air Coils which damp and eliminate vibrations emanating from the power socket outlet electrodes.
The NCF material and the NCF line up of products are the cumulative result of Furutech’s 30 plus year efforts to help their customers understand the negative effects of signal and power conductor resonance on playback quality and to offer solutions to eliminate such resonance.

SPECIFICATIONS
Technologies:
1. The NCF Clear Line body is formed with nylon and glass fiber incorporating nano-sized ceramic particles and carbon powder for their additional “Piezo Effect” damping properties. As well as Furutech’s NCF (Nano Crystal² Formula) which eliminates static, “interconverts” thermal, mechanical, and electrical energy and damps vibrations.

2. Furutech’s NCF Clear Line utilizes enameled «α(Alpha)-OCC Air Coil» passive wire coils to improve power quality and system sound performance by eliminating radiated resonance from power electrodes. Each α(Alpha)-OCC Air Coil in the NCF Clear Line has been designed to complement the performance enhancing characteristics of Furutech’s unique NCF (Nano Crystal Formula) anti-static and resonance damping material. The results, Furutech’s NCF Clear Line will eliminate noise, remove static and improve the overall quality of your power, taking the performance of your system to the next level. (Passive: N & L poles are not connected and do not form a circuit).

3. The NCF Clear Line body and housing are secured with special T10 tamper-proof stainless-steel screws and washers. Factory tightened to the optimal torque value for best sound performance.

4. The NCF Clear Line housing lining ring has been formed from special resonance damping Nylon and Furutech’s NCF material and the barrel housing constructed of 4 layers of Furutech’s hybrid NCF carbon fiber

5. The internal air chamber is pressure sealed to for additional damping effects

6. The NCF End Cover is formed from special heat resistant nylon and Furutech ‘s NCF material with molded channels to increase the surface area of the NCF material by 76% for improved effectiveness – ultimate resonance damping for improved tonal balance.

Features:
1. NCF Body (multi-material hybrid structure): NCF formulated nylon resin
2. Coils: α (Alpha) Pure-Copper Rhodium-plated Conductor electrode contacts (L & N not connected – no circuit formed) and passive “Air Coils” constructed with α(Alpha)-OCC enameled wire coated a silver color resonance damping material.
3. The special T10 tamper-proof stainless steel self-tapping screws and washers
4. Housing: 4-layer hybrid NCF carbon housing composed of an outer hard clear coat over a NCF textured carbon fiber
particle composite layer with another layer of NCF and 3K carbon fiber layer beneath that. Inner surface is NCF Nylon
insulation. The best of damping and insulation materials improve frequency extension and tonal balance.
5. The internal air chamber is pressure sealed to for additional damping effects.
6. NCF End Cover (multi-material hybrid structure): Anti-static and resonance suppressing qualities with molded channels to
increase the surface area of the NCF material by 76% for improved effectiveness – ultimate resonance damping for
improved tonal balance.

Enhance the clarity of musical performance and stereoscopic sound field.
Eliminates noise increasing signal to noise ratio boosting information and detail in sound reproduction
Improve the depth of the picture and improve three-dimensionality and dynamism of video playback.
Multi-material hybrid construction: Carbon fiber housing (shell) with superior resonance damping properties.
All conductive parts are rhodium plated and have undergone the Alpha Process.

The pattern for each NCF Clear Line housing (shell) is different. The unique pattern is due to the texture of the composite carbon fiber material used in its construction. The pattern has no impact on the performance of the product.

Τεχνικά Χαρακτηριστικά:

Outward size: L 88.4 X W39.5 mm approx.
Net Weight: 69 g approx.
Suggested burn in time 24 hrs..

NCF Piezo Ceramic Series Connectors • A Furutech First!
Furutech’s Pure Transmission FI-E50 NCF Piezo Ceramic series connector bodies and housings feature several breakthrough construction techniques. 

A multilayer nonmagnetic stainless steel and silver plated carbon fiber shell incorporates a special damping and insulating acetal copolymer. Furutech settled on stainless and silver plated carbon fiber for the outer housing after extensive listening sessions with Japanese industry figures and audiophiles.

The body of the connectors incorporates an “active” damping material: Nano Crystal² Formula – Nano Crystalline, Piezo Ceramic and Carbon Powder 
Nano Crystal² Formula — NCF Powder is a special crystalline material that has two “active” properties. First, it generates negative ions that eliminate static and secondly, it converts thermal energy into far-infrared, which makes it the ultimate electrical and mechanical damping material. 

Nano Crystal² Formula eliminates static, “interconverts” thermal, mechanical and electrical energy and damps vibrations—all for the finest Furutech Pure Transmission signal imaginable.

Floating Magnetic Field Effects
The Furutech Earth/Ground Jumper System
How far will Furutech’s engineers go in their attempts to reach Pure Transmission reference quality? Their concentrated examination of each and every element of signal transfer has resulted in another breakthrough technology, the Furutech Earth/Ground Jumper System. It eliminates EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) induced in metal parts like connector housing screws. 

Current flowing through the power connector creates a magnetic field, just as an insulated conductor creates both electromagnetic and electrostatic fields. Furutech engineers found this magnetic field induces current flow (and a small magnetic field) in the screws holding the connector together! These magnetic fields interfere with the larger magnetic field around the conductor and connector. 

Furutech’s total attention to detail and elegant engineering neatly solves the problem. The Earth/Ground Jumper System connects the securing screws to a ground terminal within the plug completely eliminating the field disturbances they cause. The stray fields are grounded by a series of interlocking parts within the connector that attach to the ground conductor. The Jumper System is available in Furutech SCHUKO Power Connectors.
The Earth/Ground Jumper System Carries US Patent No. 6,669,491/European Patent No. EP1445837

Τεχνικά Χαρακτηριστικά:

FI-E50 NCF – Rating: 16A 250V AC

  α (Alpha) Pure-Copper Rhodium-plated main Conductor 
  Earth (Ground) Jumper System (US Patent No.: 6,669,491/ European Patent No. EP1445837)
  Nylon/fiberglass body with a special anti-resonance nano-sized crystalline, piezo ceramic particles and carbon damping material 
  Multilayered nonmagnetic stainless steel and silver plated carbon fiber housing incorporating an acetal copolymer. The best of damping and insulation materials improve frequency extension and tonal balance
  Specified for cable diameters from 6mm to 20mm
  Dimensions: Body length 55.4mm x 39.5mm diameter / 93.2mm overall length
  Metal cable clamp improves grip and reduces mechanically and electrically induced distortion

NCF Piezo Ceramic Series Connectors • A Furutech First!
Furutech’s Pure Transmission FI-50 NCF Piezo Ceramic series connector bodies and housings feature several breakthrough construction techniques.
A multilayer nonmagnetic stainless steel and silver plated carbon fiber shell incorporates a special damping and insulating acetal copolymer. Furutech settled on stainless and silver plated carbon fiber for the outer housing after extensive listening sessions with Japanese industry figures and audiophiles.

The body of the connectors incorporates an “active” damping material: Nano Crystal² Formula – Nano Crystalline, Ceramic and Carbon Powder
Incorporated into select Furutech products, Nano Crystal² Formula — NCF is comprised of a special crystalline material that has two “active” properties. First, it generates negative ions that eliminate static and secondly, it converts thermal energy into far-infrared. Furutech then combines this remarkable crystalline material with nano-sized ceramic particles and carbon powder for their additional “Piezo Effect” damping properties. The resulting Nano Crystal² Formula is the ultimate electrical and mechanical damping material – only found in Furutech products!
Nano Crystal² Formula eliminates static, “interconverts” thermal, mechanical and electrical energy and damps vibrations—all for the finest Furutech Pure Transmission signal imaginable.

Floating Magnetic Field Effects
The Furutech Earth/Ground Jumper System
How far will Furutech’s engineers go in their attempts to reach Pure Transmission reference quality? Their concentrated examination of each and every element of signal transfer has resulted in another breakthrough technology, the Furutech Earth/Ground Jumper System. It eliminates EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) induced in metal parts like connector housing screws.

Current flowing through the power connector creates a magnetic field, just as an insulated conductor creates both electromagnetic and electrostatic fields. Furutech engineers found this magnetic field induces current flow (and a small magnetic field) in the screws holding the connector together! These magnetic fields interfere with the larger magnetic field around the conductor and connector.

Furutech’s total attention to detail and elegant engineering neatly solves the problem. The Earth/Ground Jumper System connects the securing screws to a ground terminal within the plug completely eliminating the field disturbances they cause. The stray fields are grounded by a series of interlocking parts within the connector that attach to the ground conductor. The Jumper System is available in Furutech NEMA Power and IEC Connectors. The Earth/Ground Jumper System Carries US Patent No. 6,669,491

Τεχνικά Χαρακτηριστικά:

  α (Alpha) Pure-Copper Rhodium-plated Conductor
  Earth (Ground) Jumper System (US Patent No.: 6,669,491/European:EP1445837)
  Nylon/fiberglass body with a special anti-resonance nano-sized crystalline, piezo ceramic particles and carbon damping material
  Multilayered nonmagnetic stainless steel and silver plated carbon fiber housing incorporating an acetal copolymer. The best of damping and insulation materials improve   frequency extension and tonal balance
  Specified for cable diameters from 6mm to 20mm
  Dimensions:FI-50 NCF Body length 44mm x 34.5mm diameter / 80.3mm overall length
  Metal cable clamp improves grip and reduces mechanically and electrically induced distortion

NCF Piezo Ceramic Series Connectors • A Furutech First!
Furutech’s Pure Transmission FI-52 NCF Piezo Ceramic series connector bodies and housings feature several breakthrough construction techniques.

A multilayer nonmagnetic stainless steel and silver plated carbon fiber shell incorporates a special damping and insulating acetal copolymer. Furutech settled on stainless and silver plated carbon fiber for the outer housing after extensive listening sessions with Japanese industry figures and audiophiles.

The body of the connectors incorporates an “active” damping material: Nano Crystal² Formula – Nano Crystalline, Ceramic and Carbon Powder
Incorporated into select Furutech products, Nano Crystal² Formula — NCF is comprised of a special crystalline material that has two “active” properties. First, it generates negative ions that eliminate static and secondly, it converts thermal energy into far-infrared. Furutech then combines this remarkable crystalline material with nano-sized ceramic particles and carbon powder for their additional “Piezo Effect” damping properties. The resulting Nano Crystal² Formula is the ultimate electrical and mechanical damping material – only found in Furutech products!

Nano Crystal² Formula eliminates static, “interconverts” thermal, mechanical and electrical energy and damps vibrations—all for the finest Furutech Pure Transmission signal imaginable.
Floating Magnetic Field Effects
The Furutech Earth/Ground Jumper System
How far will Furutech’s engineers go in their attempts to reach Pure Transmission reference quality? Their concentrated examination of each and every element of signal transfer has resulted in another breakthrough technology, the Furutech Earth/Ground Jumper System. It eliminates EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) induced in metal parts like connector housing screws.

Current flowing through the power connector creates a magnetic field, just as an insulated conductor creates both electromagnetic and electrostatic fields. Furutech engineers found this magnetic field induces current flow (and a small magnetic field) in the screws holding the connector together! These magnetic fields interfere with the larger magnetic field around the conductor and connector.

Furutech’s total attention to detail and elegant engineering neatly solves the problem. The Earth/Ground Jumper System connects the securing screws to a ground terminal within the plug completely eliminating the field disturbances they cause. The stray fields are grounded by a series of interlocking parts within the connector that attach to the ground conductor. The Jumper System is available in Furutech NEMA Power and IEC Connectors.
The Earth/Ground Jumper System Carries US Patent No. 6,669,491

Τεχνικά Χαρακτηριστικά:

Piezo Ceramic Series & Carbon Series Connector
Type: 2-pole+earth
Rating:20A 125V /16A 250V AC

  α (Alpha) Pure Copper Rhodium plated Conductor
  Earth (Ground) Jumper System
  Nylon/fiberglass body incorporating nano sized ceramic particles for absorption of vibration resonance.
  Metal cable clamp for improved grip and reduction of mechanically and electrically induced distortion.
  Multi layered nonmagnetic stainless steel and carbon fiber housing and incorporating acetal copolymer.
  The best of damping and insulation materials for improvements in frequency extension and tonal quality..
  Specified for cable diameters from 6mm to 20mm
  Dimensions: Body length 40.8mm x 40.5mm diameter x 80.0mm overall length

Furutech’s Pure Transmission FI-50 Piezo Ceramic series connector bodies and housings feature several breakthrough construction techniques. A multilayer nonmagnetic stainless steel and carbon fiber shell incorporates a special damping and insulating acetal copolymer. Furutech settled on stainless and carbon fiber for the outer housing after extensive listening sessions with Japanese industry figures and audiophiles. 

The body of the connectors combines two “active” materials: Nano-sized ceramic particles and powdered carbon. (Only nano-sized ceramic particles effectively couples with carbon powder.) Nylon and fiberglass are incorporated as well forming an extremely effective, well damped, mechanically and electrically nonresonant connector body. That’s correct, they’re electrically damped as well. 

Piezoelectric effects are the key. Furutech’s breakthrough in design and materials is based on employing nano-sized polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramic particles exhibiting electro-generative properties; mechanical pressure creates an electrical charge forming a bridge between electrical and mechanical oscillation. 

Carbon powder exhibits thermal-conductive characteristics that interact with the charged ferro-ceramic particles converting their energy into heat that’s conducted away and released from the surface of the connector body! 

These carefully chosen and tested “active” materials mechanically and electrically damp the connector and receptacle as they “interconvert” thermal, mechanical, and electrical energy for the finest Furutech Pure Transmission signal imaginable.

Τεχνικά Χαρακτηριστικά:

New Piezo Ceramic Series Connectors • A Furutech First!
Type: 2-pole+earth 
Rating:16A 250V AC

•α Alpha Pure copper Rhodium plated Conductor

•Nylon/fiberglass body incorporating nano sized ceramic particles for absorption of vibration resonance.
•Multi layered nonmagnetic stainless steel and carbon fiber housing and incorporating acetal copolymer. The best of damping 
and insulation materials for improvements in frequency extension and tonal quality..
•Specified for cable diameters from 6mm to 20mm
•Dimensions: Body length 56.6mm x 40.5mm diameter x 93mm overall length
•Metal cable clamp for improved grip and reduction of mechanically and electrically induced distortion.